The Forgotten Head
I'm happy to see that single-headed drums have been mostly relegated to the used equipment ads, and that double-headed drums have regained their spot at the top of the food chain. But with more membranes comes more responsibly. Tuning a two-headed drum means tuning two heads and getting them to play nicely together.
So let’s look at the three standard bottom heads: snare, bass and toms.
Snare
The thinness and tightness of the bottom snare
head controls tone and pitch, and also determines how quickly the snares respond.
Tune the snare head low and your snares will respond slowly. This gives the drum
a more "throaty" sound. Tightening the head yields more of the shell
sound, improves stick feel, and allows the snares to respond more quickly. I
keep my snare head “as tight as a board”. Anything less and the snare drum, to
me, sounds flat and sluggish, and it likely won’t project well.
Bass Drum
These days the majority of bass drums have
a fair amount of damping, often with a hole in the front head. Still, having
even 80-90% of a front head will give you more resonance, more boom, and more
beater response. That's important for feel as well as sound. The audience can
feel a boom, whereas a sub-sonic 'blat' will go almost unnoticed. Drummers who
want a full, round sound will keep both heads intact and cut back on the
damping. They also tune the drum higher … in the 'boom' territory.
Toms
The old rule of thumb was, tune the top head for
feel and the bottom head for tone. It works, although you'll end up with a
fairly high “jazz” pitch. A better starting point is to tune both heads to the
same pitch. I like to go for as much resonance and possible, which is usually
found around the middle of a drum's range. From there I tweak the bottom head to
fine tune. Tightening the head will reduce resonance and sustain, and usually
increases overtones. Loosening the head can add resonance, sustain and a sense
of fullness.
So take some time to experiment with those forgotten heads to make sure you're getting the most from the top heads.